Insights

Limited Liability Companies in Nepal: Features and Formation

Written by Vijay Shrestha | Jan 2, 2026 4:16:47 AM

When foreign investors explore the types of companies in Nepal, one structure consistently stands out: the Limited Liability Company, commonly incorporated as a Private Limited Company.

For international founders, startups, and multinational groups, this entity offers the best balance of legal protection, ownership flexibility, and regulatory acceptance under Nepalese law.

In this guide, we provide the most authoritative explanation of limited liability companies in Nepal, written specifically for foreign companies evaluating market entry, FDI structuring, or long-term operations.

Understanding the Types of Companies in Nepal

Nepal’s corporate framework is governed primarily by the Companies Act, 2006, supported by foreign investment and tax laws. Broadly, the recognized types of companies in Nepal include:

  1. Private Limited Company

  2. Public Limited Company

  3. Branch Office of a Foreign Company

  4. Liaison (Representative) Office

  5. Non-Profit Company

Among these, the Private Limited Company (Ltd.) is the most commonly used limited liability vehicle for foreign investors.

What Is a Limited Liability Company in Nepal?

A limited liability company in Nepal is a legally separate entity where:

  • Shareholders’ liability is limited to unpaid share capital

  • The company can own assets, enter contracts, and sue or be sued

  • Ownership may be 100% foreign (subject to sector approval)

This structure aligns closely with private limited companies in the UK, Australia, Singapore, and the EU, making it familiar to foreign founders.

Key Features of Limited Liability Companies in Nepal

1. Limited Liability Protection

Shareholders are not personally liable for company debts beyond their capital contribution.
This risk insulation is a key reason foreign investors prefer this structure.

2. Separate Legal Personality

The company exists independently from its shareholders and directors.
Contracts, licenses, and bank accounts remain valid regardless of ownership changes.

3. Foreign Ownership Permitted

Under Nepal’s FDI regime, foreign nationals and companies may own up to 100% of a Nepalese company in approved sectors.

4. Flexible Shareholding Structure

  • Minimum shareholders: 1

  • Maximum shareholders: 50 (private company)

  • Corporate shareholders allowed

5. Profit Repatriation Rights

Foreign investors may repatriate:

  • Dividends

  • Capital gains

  • Loan repayments

  • Royalties and technical fees

Subject to tax clearance and central bank approval.

Why Foreign Companies Choose Limited Liability Companies in Nepal

Foreign investors evaluating the types of companies in Nepal typically select this structure because it allows:

  • Full commercial operations

  • Local hiring and payroll compliance

  • Long-term scalability

  • Asset ownership and IP protection

It is the only structure that supports revenue generation, unlike liaison offices.

Comparison: Limited Liability Company vs Other Types of Companies in Nepal

Feature Limited Liability Company Branch Office Liaison Office
Legal status Separate Nepal entity Extension of foreign company No commercial entity
Revenue generation Yes Yes No
Liability Limited to share capital Parent company liable Parent company liable
Local hiring Yes Limited Very limited
FDI approval Required Required Required
Best for Long-term operations Project-based entry Market research

Insight:
For foreign companies planning multi-year operations, limited liability companies in Nepal provide the strongest legal and operational foundation.

Capital Requirements for Limited Liability Companies in Nepal

Minimum Capital (Indicative)

While no universal statutory minimum exists, in practice:

  • NPR 1–2 million is common for service companies

  • Higher capital may be required for regulated sectors

FDI-based companies must declare capital during approval.

Formation Requirements for a Limited Liability Company in Nepal

Documents Required

Foreign shareholders must prepare:

  • Certificate of Incorporation (parent company)

  • Memorandum & Articles of Association

  • Board resolution approving Nepal investment

  • Passport copies of directors and shareholders

  • Power of Attorney

All documents must be notarized and apostilled.

Step-by-Step Formation Process (Numbered)

  1. Name reservation at Company Registrar

  2. FDI approval from the investment authority

  3. Company registration under Companies Act

  4. Tax registration (PAN/VAT)

  5. Bank account opening

  6. Capital injection through banking channels

Average timeline: 4–8 weeks

Compliance Obligations After Incorporation

Limited liability companies in Nepal must comply with:

  • Annual financial statements

  • Tax filings and audits

  • Social Security Fund (SSF) contributions

  • Board and shareholder records

Failure to comply may result in penalties or restrictions on repatriation.

Taxation of Limited Liability Companies in Nepal

Corporate Tax

  • Standard corporate income tax applies

  • Withholding tax on dividends

Transfer Pricing

Transactions with foreign parent companies must follow arm’s-length principles.

Employment and HR Advantages

A limited liability company can:

  • Hire Nepalese and expatriate staff

  • Sponsor work visas

  • Register employees in SSF

  • Issue local employment contracts

This is critical for foreign companies building offshore or regional teams.

Sector Eligibility for Foreign Investors

Foreign investment is allowed in most sectors including:

  • IT and software development

  • Consulting and professional services

  • Manufacturing

  • Renewable energy

  • Education and training

Some sectors remain restricted or capped.

Common Mistakes Foreign Companies Make

  • Choosing a liaison office when revenue is planned

  • Under-declaring capital

  • Ignoring SSF and labor compliance

  • Delaying tax registrations

Professional structuring avoids costly corrections later.

Choosing the Right Entity Among the Types of Companies in Nepal

If your goal includes commercial operations, hiring, scalability, and profit repatriation, a limited liability company in Nepal is almost always the correct choice.

Branch and liaison offices are transitional tools, not long-term vehicles.

Frequently Asked Questions (People Also Ask)

Is a private limited company the same as a limited liability company in Nepal?

Yes. In Nepal, the private limited company is the standard form of limited liability company.

Can foreigners own 100% of a company in Nepal?

Yes, in approved sectors, foreign investors may own 100% equity.

How long does it take to register a limited liability company in Nepal?

Typically 4–8 weeks, depending on FDI approval and document readiness.

Is minimum capital required for company registration in Nepal?

There is no fixed statutory minimum, but practical thresholds apply for FDI cases.

Can profits be repatriated from Nepal?

Yes. Dividends and capital can be repatriated after tax clearance and approvals.

Conclusion: Limited Liability Companies Are the Smartest Choice Among the Types of Companies in Nepal

For foreign companies evaluating the types of companies in Nepal, the limited liability company offers unmatched advantages.

It combines global familiarity with local compliance, enabling sustainable growth, risk protection, and long-term market access.

If you want certainty, scalability, and regulatory clarity, this structure is the gold standard.

Call to Action

Planning to set up a limited liability company in Nepal?
Book a consultation with our FDI and corporate structuring specialists to receive a tailored incorporation roadmap, compliance checklist, and timeline.